台湾(Taiwan (Chinese Taipei)) 前往 土库曼斯坦(Turkmenistan) 签证要求

Yes, a visa is required. Taiwan (ROC) ordinary passport holders need a Turkmenistan visa for tourism, and a certified Letter of Invitation (LOI) from a licensed Turkmen tour operator is mandatory. The visa is collected either at a Turkmen embassy or on arrival at Ashgabat airport against the pre-approved LOI. Turkmenistan is one of the world's most visa-restrictive countries and grants no visa-free or true on-arrival access to Taiwan passport holders. Every tourist must first secure a Letter of Invitation arranged by a licensed Turkmen travel agency and certified by the State Migration Service of Turkmenistan; the LOI is valid for 3 months from certification. Once the LOI is approved, the traveler obtains the actual visa either in advance at a Turkmen embassy/consulate or as a 'visa on arrival' at Ashgabat International Airport, where the original or a copy of the certified LOI must be presented. Because the LOI gate exists either way, the practical verdict is visa-required rather than a free visa-on-arrival. Turkmenistan enacted Migration Law amendments on 14 April 2025 to introduce an electronic visa that would remove the LOI requirement, but as of mid-2026 the e-visa platform is still not operational and the Presidential decree setting categories and fees remains pending, so the old paper/LOI system continues to apply. Travelers should budget 3-8 weeks for LOI preparation plus consular fees, and there are no Schengen rules involved (Turkmenistan is in Central Asia, not the Schengen area).