西班牙(Spain) 前往 土库曼斯坦(Turkmenistan) 签证要求

Spanish ordinary passport holders need a visa to visit Turkmenistan for tourism, and they must first secure a Letter of Invitation (LOI) issued by a licensed Turkmen travel agency and approved by the State Migration Service. Turkmenistan has no visa-waiver agreement with Spain or the EU, so a Spanish ordinary passport holder must obtain a tourist visa. The defining feature of Turkmenistan's tourist visa is the mandatory Letter of Invitation (LOI): you cannot apply for the visa until a Turkmenistan-licensed travel agency has filed for and received LOI approval from the State Migration Service (a process that typically takes 3-4 weeks). In practice this means booking through a registered tour operator. Once the LOI is approved, you have two ways to get the actual visa: apply at a Turkmenistan embassy/consulate (Spain is served via the Turkmen mission accredited to it), or collect a visa on arrival at Ashgabat International Airport by presenting the certified LOI. Standard tourist visas are commonly issued for up to 10 days single entry (the typical VOA validity is 10 days, extendable). A decree introducing an electronic visa was signed in April 2025, but as of mid-2026 the e-visa system is not yet operational and its rules, validity and rollout date remain undefined, so it should not be relied upon. Travelers should also note that visits to certain border/restricted zones require an additional special permit. Because there is no confirmed visa-free or fully online channel, the verdict is conservatively visa-required.