Do Vietnam passport holders need a visa to visit Canada?

Vietnamese ordinary passport holders need a visitor visa (Temporary Resident Visa / TRV) to enter Canada for tourism. Vietnam is a visa-required country and is NOT eligible for the standard eTA. Vietnam is on Canada's list of visa-required countries, so a holder of an ordinary Vietnamese passport must obtain a Temporary Resident Visa (TRV), commonly called a visitor visa, before travelling to Canada for tourism or a short visit. The TRV is applied for online through the IRCC portal, costs CAD 100, and almost always requires biometrics (fingerprints and photo) at an additional CAD 85. The application asks for proof of funds, ties to Vietnam, and a clean travel and criminal record. Visas may be issued as single- or multiple-entry and are often granted with validity up to 10 years (or until the passport expires), while each individual stay is normally limited to up to six months as decided by the border officer on arrival. An eTA is generally NOT available to Vietnamese citizens; the only exception is the limited eTA expansion (eTA-X) for travellers who have held a Canadian visa in the past 10 years or currently hold a valid US non-immigrant visa and are flying to Canada — they may apply for an eTA instead. Plan for processing of roughly 4 to 12 weeks depending on season, plus time to give biometrics.